Old man's beard, Leather Flower (Clematis), fam. Ranunculaceae.
   Old man's beard (Clematis vitalba); Jackman Leather Flower (Clematis jackmanii); Solitary (Whole-leaf) Clematis (Clematis integrifolia); Golden Clematis (Clematis tangutica) and garden hybrids.
   A vine grown on the fences of some private houses. It blooms in summer with not very large, often double, fragrant flowers. In autumn and winter, it is covered with fluffy fruits, reminding of the related pasqueflower. This plant is toxic. Preparations from clematis have anthelminthic, bactericidal, fungicidal, sudorific, diuretic, and strong laxative action. They should only be used with great caution.
   Several rare locations of Clematis in Kyiv fade behind the abundance of these plants in foothill southern Crimea, where it creeps over many fences, trees in old gardens, and walls.
   See also Erect Clematis (Clematis recta).

   Old man's beard (Clematis vitalba):

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   Jackman Leather Flower (Clematis jackmanii):

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   Solitary (Whole-leaf) Clematis (Clematis integrifolia):

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   Golden Clematis (Clematis tangutica):

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   Clematis (Old man's beard) fruits in autumn and winter:

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