Alder Buckthorn (Rhamnus alnus, Frangula alnus), fam. Rhamnaceae.
   A small tree or shrub, occurs in moderately shady places of the forest. The name gives a clue about its fragile shoots. The inconspicuous flowers appear in May; black fruit ripen in July.
   A toxic plant (especially its unripe fruits), also medicinal. The fruits (no more that 10) or bark decoction are used as an effective laxative. But its preparation has a nuance: unlike most plant remedies, which are desirable to use fresh, it is the opposite for buckthorn. During the first year of storage the harmful vomit-inducing substances gradually ruin, and only then the bark may be used.

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